China’s population fell to 1.408 billion in 2024, marking the third
consecutive year of decline, despite government efforts to increase birth
rates with subsidies and campaigns.
The country, once the most populous in the world, was surpassed by India in
2023, with a low birth rate and aging population straining its economy and
social systems.
The number of people aged 60 and above surged to 310.31 million, making
up nearly a quarter of the population, while the birth rate remains one of the
lowest globally.
Analysts point to high living costs, more women pursuing careers, and the
lasting effects of the one-child policy as key factors in the decline.
In response, China has raised the retirement age from 60 starting January
2024, amid challenges in sustaining its economy and public systems as the
aging population grows.
By 2035, the elderly population is projected to reach nearly a third of the
total.